Engineering tools
Piping & Hose Calculators
Size bores, estimate pressure loss and surge, check expansion and convert units. Every result is a guide. Send us the numbers and our engineers will confirm.
Pressure loss
Pressure drop along a straight hose, tube or pipe run.
- Total pressure drop
- 31.52 kPa
- Total (psi)
- 4.572 psi
- Drop per metre
- 3.152 kPa/m
- Flow velocity
- 2.351 m/s
- Reynolds number
- 44,497
- Flow regime
- Turbulent
- Friction factor (Darcy)
- 0.02171
Darcy–Weisbach, with the Colebrook–White friction factor for turbulent flow and 64/Re for laminar flow. Straight run only; add fittings and bends separately.
Flow velocity & bore sizing
Velocity in a given bore, and the bore you need for a target velocity.
- Velocity in this bore
- 3.183 m/s
- Bore for target velocity
- 25.23 mm
- Typical use at this velocity
- Too fast for most liquids
v = Q ÷ (π d² / 4). Velocity bands are common rules of thumb for liquids; check your pump and hose maker’s limits.
Above 3 m/s most liquid lines see high pressure loss, noise and surge. Consider a larger bore.
Water hammer surge
Pressure spike when a valve shuts quickly, and the closure time that avoids it.
- Pressure surge
- 27.24 bar
- Surge (psi)
- 395.1 psi
- Wave speed
- 1,365 m/s
- Critical closure time, 2L/a
- 0.1465 s
Joukowsky: ΔP = ρ · a · Δv, with wave speed a = √(K/ρ ÷ (1 + (K/E)(D/t))). This is the upper bound for a valve closed faster than the critical time; slower closure gives less surge.
Pump power
Hydraulic and shaft power from flow, head or pressure, and efficiency.
- Shaft power
- 4.194 kW
- Shaft power (hp)
- 5.625 hp
- Hydraulic power
- 2.936 kW
- Equivalent pressure
- 2.936 bar
Hydraulic power = ρ g Q H. Shaft power = hydraulic ÷ efficiency. Size the motor with a margin above shaft power.
Hose crimp diameter
Suggested crimp diameter from hose, shank and ferrule dimensions.
- Crimp diameter
- 38.05 mm
- In inches
- 1.498 in
Crimp diameter = shank OD + 2 × ferrule wall + (hose OD − hose ID) × (1 − compression %). A guide only: pressure-test every assembly, and for PTFE hose use the crimp spec of the fitting in use.
Offset & moving loops
Live hose length for offset motion and horizontal travelling loops.
Offset motion
- Live hose length, L
- 222.7 mm
- Projected length, Lp
- 219.1 mm
L = √(6RX + X²), Lp = √(L² − X²), worked in inches. Keep X under 25% of R.
Horizontal moving loop
A hose loop between a fixed and a travelling connection on the same horizontal plane. Uses R above.
- Live hose length, L
- 1,271 mm
- Loop height, H1
- 521.5 mm
- Loop height at rest, H2
- 286 mm
L = 4R + 1.57S, H1 = 1.43R + 0.785S, H2 = 1.43R.
Tube volume, weight & fill time
Hold-up volume, weight per metre and fill time for PTFE, FEP, PFA and metal tube.
- Internal volume
- 125.7 mL
- Tube weight
- 340.9 g
- Weight per metre
- 34.09 g/m
- Time to fill
- 7.54 s
Internal volume = π/4 × ID² × length. Weight = density × π/4 × (OD² − ID²) × length. Densities are typical values for virgin resin and wrought metal.
Thermal expansion
How much a PTFE tube or metal pipe grows or shrinks with temperature.
- Length increase
- 156 mm
- Temperature change
- 130 °C
- Per metre
- 15.6 mm/m
- Final length
- 10.156 m
ΔL = α × L × ΔT. Fluoropolymer values are typical averages for 25–100 °C; PTFE expands faster around 19 °C and above 100 °C. A PTFE tube grows about ten times more than steel pipe, so allow for it at supports and fittings.
Metal pipe pressure rating
Burst and working pressure for steel and copper pipe with the Barlow formula.
- Working pressure
- 167 bar
- Working (psi)
- 2,422 psi
- Theoretical burst
- 667.9 bar
- Burst (psi)
- 9,687 psi
Barlow: P = 2 S t ÷ OD, using minimum tensile strength for the theoretical burst. For metal pipe and tube at room temperature only; it ignores corrosion allowance, mill tolerance and weld joint factors, so use ASME B31.3 for design. Not for PTFE or braided hose; ask us for rated pressures.
Fitting metal corrosion resistance
How SS304, SS316, carbon steel and brass fittings stand up to common media.
35 of 35 media shown
| MEDIA | SS304 | SS316 | CARBON STEEL | BRASS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid (glacial) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Acetone | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Air, compressed | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Ammonia, anhydrous | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Ammonium hydroxide | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended |
| Beer and wine | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Brine (sodium chloride) | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use |
| Carbon dioxide, dry | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Chlorine, dry | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Chlorine, wet | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Citric acid | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Diesel | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Ethanol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Ferric chloride | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Formaldehyde | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use |
| Hydraulic oil (mineral) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Hydrochloric acid | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Hydrofluoric acid | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Hydrogen peroxide (30%) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Hydrogen sulphide, wet | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Methanol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Milk and dairy | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Nitric acid (10–65%) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Nitrogen | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Oxygen, gas | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended |
| Petrol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Phosphoric acid (10%) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Seawater | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Sodium hydroxide (20%) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Steam | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use |
| Sulphuric acid (<10%) | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Sulphuric acid (98%) | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended |
| Toluene | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended |
| Water, fresh | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended |
Ratings are for fitting and ferrule metals at ambient temperature: 1 recommended, 2 limited (not for continuous use), 3 not recommended. Temperature, concentration and contamination change the picture, so confirm with our engineers before you specify. The PTFE liner itself resists almost all of these media.
Pressure conversion
bar, psi, kPa, MPa, atm, kgf/cm², head of water and more.
Flow conversion
Volume and mass flow in metric, US and imperial units.
Measurement conversion
Length, area, volume, mass and temperature.
Choosing a hose or tube for these conditions? See our PTFE hose and PTFE tube ranges, or browse all products.
Advanced Fluro Private Limited
Have the numbers?
Send them with your media and temperature and we’ll specify the right PTFE hose or tube.