# Piping & Hose Calculators: Pressure Loss, Flow, Crimp | Advanced Fluro > Free engineering calculators: pressure loss, flow velocity, water hammer, pump power, crimp diameter, thermal expansion, tube weight, pipe pressure and unit conversions. Source: https://aftubes.com/calculators/ --- Engineering tools ## Piping & Hose Calculators Size bores, estimate pressure loss and surge, check expansion and convert units. Every result is a guide. Send us the numbers and our engineers will confirm. [Home](https://aftubes.com/)›Calculators Calculator 01 ### Pressure loss Pressure drop along a straight hose, tube or pipe run. Water ≈ 998 kg/m³ Water ≈ 0.001002 Pa·s Total pressure drop31.52 kPa Total (psi)4.572 psi Drop per metre3.152 kPa/m Flow velocity2.351 m/s Reynolds number44,497 Flow regimeTurbulent Friction factor (Darcy)0.02171 Darcy–Weisbach, with the Colebrook–White friction factor for turbulent flow and 64/Re for laminar flow. Straight run only; add fittings and bends separately. Calculator 02 ### Flow velocity & bore sizing Velocity in a given bore, and the bore you need for a target velocity. Pump suction: 0.5–1.5 m/s · Pump discharge / pressure line: 1.5–3 m/s · Gravity drain / return: 0.3–1 m/s Velocity in this bore3.183 m/s Bore for target velocity25.23 mm Typical use at this velocityToo fast for most liquids v = Q ÷ (π d² / 4). Velocity bands are common rules of thumb for liquids; check your pump and hose maker’s limits. Above 3 m/s most liquid lines see high pressure loss, noise and surge. Consider a larger bore. Calculator 03 ### Water hammer surge Pressure spike when a valve shuts quickly, and the closure time that avoids it. Full flow velocity for a sudden valve closure. Water ≈ 2.2 GPa. Trapped air lowers it sharply. Pressure surge27.24 bar Surge (psi)395.1 psi Wave speed1,365 m/s Critical closure time, 2L/a0.1465 s Joukowsky: ΔP = ρ · a · Δv, with wave speed a = √(K/ρ ÷ (1 + (K/E)(D/t))). This is the upper bound for a valve closed faster than the critical time; slower closure gives less surge. Calculator 04 ### Pump power Hydraulic and shaft power from flow, head or pressure, and efficiency. Static lift plus friction losses. Small centrifugal pumps run around 50–75%. Shaft power4.194 kW Shaft power (hp)5.625 hp Hydraulic power2.936 kW Equivalent pressure2.936 bar Hydraulic power = ρ g Q H. Shaft power = hydraulic ÷ efficiency. Size the motor with a margin above shaft power. Calculator 05 ### Hose crimp diameter Suggested crimp diameter from hose, shank and ferrule dimensions. Crimp diameter38.05 mm In inches1.498 in Crimp diameter = shank OD + 2 × ferrule wall + (hose OD − hose ID) × (1 − compression %). A guide only: pressure-test every assembly, and for PTFE hose use the crimp spec of the fitting in use. Calculator 06 ### Offset & moving loops Live hose length for offset motion and horizontal travelling loops. #### Offset motion Use the radius for constant flexing. If it moves to both sides, enter the total travel (2 × X). Live hose length, L222.7 mm Projected length, Lp219.1 mm L = √(6RX + X²), Lp = √(L² − X²), worked in inches. Keep X under 25% of R. #### Horizontal moving loop A hose loop between a fixed and a travelling connection on the same horizontal plane. Uses R above. Live hose length, L1,271 mm Loop height, H1521.5 mm Loop height at rest, H2286 mm L = 4R + 1.57S, H1 = 1.43R + 0.785S, H2 = 1.43R. Calculator 07 ### Tube volume, weight & fill time Hold-up volume, weight per metre and fill time for PTFE, FEP, PFA and metal tube. Internal volume125.7 mL Tube weight340.9 g Weight per metre34.09 g/m Time to fill7.54 s Internal volume = π/4 × ID² × length. Weight = density × π/4 × (OD² − ID²) × length. Densities are typical values for virgin resin and wrought metal. Calculator 08 ### Thermal expansion How much a PTFE tube or metal pipe grows or shrinks with temperature. Length increase156 mm Temperature change130 °C Per metre15.6 mm/m Final length10.156 m ΔL = α × L × ΔT. Fluoropolymer values are typical averages for 25–100 °C; PTFE expands faster around 19 °C and above 100 °C. A PTFE tube grows about ten times more than steel pipe, so allow for it at supports and fittings. Calculator 09 ### Metal pipe pressure rating Burst and working pressure for steel and copper pipe with the Barlow formula. 4 : 1 is common for hose and tube. 2″ NB pipe = 60.3 mm OD 2″ Sch 40 = 3.91 mm Working pressure167 bar Working (psi)2,422 psi Theoretical burst667.9 bar Burst (psi)9,687 psi Barlow: P = 2 S t ÷ OD, using minimum tensile strength for the theoretical burst. For metal pipe and tube at room temperature only; it ignores corrosion allowance, mill tolerance and weld joint factors, so use ASME B31.3 for design. Not for PTFE or braided hose; ask us for rated pressures. Calculator 10 ### Fitting metal corrosion resistance How SS304, SS316, carbon steel and brass fittings stand up to common media. 35 of 35 media shown | MEDIA | SS304 | SS316 | CARBON STEEL | BRASS | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Acetic acid (glacial) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Acetone | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Air, compressed | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Ammonia, anhydrous | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Ammonium hydroxide | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | | Beer and wine | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Brine (sodium chloride) | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | | Carbon dioxide, dry | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Chlorine, dry | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Chlorine, wet | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Citric acid | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Diesel | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Ethanol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Ferric chloride | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Formaldehyde | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | | Hydraulic oil (mineral) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Hydrochloric acid | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Hydrofluoric acid | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Hydrogen peroxide (30%) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Hydrogen sulphide, wet | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Methanol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Milk and dairy | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Nitric acid (10–65%) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Nitrogen | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Oxygen, gas | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | | Petrol | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Phosphoric acid (10%) | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Seawater | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Sodium hydroxide (20%) | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Sodium hypochlorite | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Steam | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | | Sulphuric acid (\<10%) | 3 · Not recommended | 2 · Limited use | 3 · Not recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Sulphuric acid (98%) | 2 · Limited use | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | 3 · Not recommended | | Toluene | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | | Water, fresh | 1 · Recommended | 1 · Recommended | 2 · Limited use | 1 · Recommended | Ratings are for fitting and ferrule metals at ambient temperature: 1 recommended, 2 limited (not for continuous use), 3 not recommended. Temperature, concentration and contamination change the picture, so confirm with our engineers before you specify. The PTFE liner itself resists almost all of these media. Calculator 11 ### Pressure conversion bar, psi, kPa, MPa, atm, kgf/cm², head of water and more. Result14.5038Pound per square inch (psi)1 Bar Calculator 12 ### Flow conversion Volume and mass flow in metric, US and imperial units. Result0.264172Gallon (US)/min1 Litre/min Calculator 13 ### Measurement conversion Length, area, volume, mass and temperature. Result0.03937Inch (in)1 Millimetre (mm) Choosing a hose or tube for these conditions? See our [PTFE hose](https://aftubes.com/ptfe-hose/) and [PTFE tube](https://aftubes.com/ptfe-tube/) ranges, or browse [all products](https://aftubes.com/products/). Advanced Fluro Private Limited ### Have the numbers? Send them with your media and temperature and we’ll specify the right PTFE hose or tube. [Request a Quote](https://aftubes.com/contact/)[WhatsApp](https://wa.me/919699055600)